【英语语法】什么是独立主格结构,珠海IBS英语学校编辑和大家分享什么是独立主格结构,请阅读下文。
什么是独立主格结构?
独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介 词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
1.独立主格结构的特点
(1)主格结构必须有两个分句,一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使 用任何连接词。
(2)后两分句的主语一致时,独立主格部分省去主语。
(3)后两分句的主语不一致时,那么两个主语都要保留。如:
He came in the room,his clog followed him.
(4)主格部分的动作如果是主动的,那么就要用动名词,如果是被动的用过去 分詞。如:
He coming in the room,his clog followed him.
He came in the room,followed by his dog.
他进屋时,他的狗紧随其后。
(5)时间差的独立主格结构中,主动形式只能用having+过去分词,被动形式只能用having been +过去分词。如:
Having watered the vegetables,the farmer took a short rest.
给蔬菜浇完水,这位农民休息了一会。
Having been given such a good chance,how could she give it up?
既然得到这样一个好机会,她怎么可能放弃呢?
(6)主格结构的否定形式,not—定要放在having之前。如:
(Not) Having dressed myself,I went to the office.
我(没)穿好衣服就去了办公室。
(7)时间差的独立主格结构中,having前面绝对不能出现before或after,它们 不能同时出现。
比较:
Having dressed myself, I went to the office.
Before/ After having dressed myself,I went to the office.
我穿好衣服前(后)就去了办公室。
Before/ After dressing myself I went to the office. = Having been dressed,I went to the office.
2.独立主格结构的用法它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况 等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
(1)作时间状语
The work done ( = After the work had been done),we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
(2)作条件状语
Weather permitting ( = If weather permits) they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
Given her age,she really did a good job in such a short time.
考虑到她的年龄,在如此短的时间内她确实做得不错。
(3)作原因状语
An important lecture to be given tomorrow ( = As an important lecture will be given tomorrow),the professor has to stay up late into the night.
因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
(4)作伴随状语
He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head( = and his hands were crossed under his head).
他躺在草地上,两手交叉枕在脑后。
(5)表补充说明
A hunter came in,his face red with cold ( = and his face was red with cold).
一个猎人走了进来,他的脸冻得通红。
【注】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句, 通常放于句末。
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