【英语语法】什么是限制性定语从句,珠海IBS英语学校编辑和大家分享限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,请阅读下文。
1.限制性定语从句定义:
限制性定语从句所修饰的先行词本身意义不明确,被定语从句修饰后意义才确定。此时 定语从句最好不要省去,否则先行词的意思会很模糊。
例如:
An elephant is an animal(fhaf lives in warm countries).
【译文】大象是一种生活在温暖国度里的动物。
Let's go to a country(where the sun always shines).
【译文】让我们去一个四季都阳光明媚的国家吧!
Where are the plums( that I put in the fridge)
【译文】我放在冰箱里的李子哪去了?
2.限制性定语从句的重难点
(1)定语从句中介词的选择和位置
例句1:
The speed(at which China’s economy has been growing in the past decade) is remarkable.(先行词的搭配需要)
【译文】过去十年中国经济的增长速度惊人。
【注解】此句中,关系代词which指代先行词speed,而后者常接介词at,形成较固定的搭配 at the speed of。
例句2:
The novel Gone with the Wind (with which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for the screen.(从句中搭配需要)
【译文】你们大多数都很熟悉的小说《飘》已被改编,搬上了荧屏。
【注解】此句中,定语从句的主语是most of you,谓语是系动词are,表语是familiar,鉴于familiar的搭配用法be familiar with,此处选用介词with。
例句3:
The person(with whom he is negotiating) is the chairman of a large company.(从句的意思需要)
【译文】他正在谈判的对手是一家大公司的总裁。
【注解】此句中,定语从句的主语是he,谓语是is negotiating,根据意思逻辑需要(和谈判),应选用介词with。
例句4:
The man(with whom he was talking) was a street vendor
The man(who he was talking with ) was a street vendor.
【译文】和他交谈的那个人是个街头小贩。
【注解】这两个句子的意思是完全一致的,第一个较常用,第二个是非正式用法,所以介词的位置并非是固定不变的。
限制性定语从句小结:
一般说来,介词置于关系代词前是比较正式的,介词后置则多出现在非正式的文体中。 但如果介词出现在动词短语下,则不管文体正式与否,介词都只能后置。
例如:
That is all (that l've had to put up with).
【译文】这就是我一直以来必须忍受的。
【注解】put up with是一个相对固定的动词短语,所以介词with是其不可分割的一部分,不能和关系代词一并前置。
Is he the lawyer(that you were looking for )?
【译文】他就是你在寻找的律师吗?
【注解】look for也是一个相对固定的动词短语,介词for—般不与动词分离。
Random spitting is one of the vices( that we must get rid of).
【译文】随便吐痰是我们必须革除的一大恶习。
【注解】get rid of是一个相对同定的动词短语,介词of—般不与动词发生分离。
(2)定语从句与先行词分裂的情形
一般说来,定语从句应该直接置于先行词之后,但有时定语从句和先行词会因为句式结构平衡的需要被某些成分隔开,出现分裂的现象。
例如:
All is well(that ends well).
【译文】结局好,一切就好。
He laughs best( who laughs last).
【译文】笑到最后的人笑得最好。
A new teacher will come tomorrow(who will fill in for me for a week).
【译文】明天会来一位新老师,他将代我上一周的课。
He took a close look at the photo on the table( that his wife took during a visit to Hawaii)
【译文】他仔细看了看桌上的那张照片,这是他妻子去夏威夷时拍下的。
There arose a problem at the meeting(that no one knew how to deal with).
【译文】会议上出现了一个问题,无人知道该如何处理。
There comes a time in every man’s life( when he has to think).
【译文】必须独立思考是每个人生命中必经的阶段。
上文是关于限制性定语从句的讲解,接下来还会讲解关于非限制性定语从句的知识要点!
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